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Sitagliptin phosphate is the active ingredient in the drug Januvia and its inactive ingredients include croscarmellose sodium, microcrystalline cellulose, anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate, sodium stearyl fumarate and magnesium stearate. The tablet coating contains polyvinyl alcohol, titanium dioxide, polyethylene glycol, talc, red iron oxide, and yellow iron oxide.
How Sitagliptin Works?
Januvia reduces blood sugar levels by blocking dipeptidyl peptidase IV or DPP-4 enzyme. DPP-4 breaks down proteins that stimulate insulin producing cells after meal. The proteins can activate the release of insulin for longer period if DPP-4 is inhibited, thereby reducing the glucose level in the blood. Thus, Januvia works by inhibiting the DPP-4 enzyme and increasing the amount of incretin hormones found in the body. The increased amount of incretin hormones help in controlling the blood sugar levels. These hormones work by four main actions. Firstly these hormones stimulate the pancreas to produce insulin in response to increase level of glucose in the blood. Secondly these hormones reduce the production of glucagon that increases glucose production by the liver. Thirdly these hormones reduce the rate at which food passes from the stomach into the intestines. This slows down glucose absorption in the blood. Finally these hormones act on the brain to provide a feeling of fullness thereby reducing the intake of food by the patients.
